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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Non-Random-Two-Liquid-Modell</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Das <b>Non-Random-Two-Liquid-Modell</b><sup id="cite_ref-Renon1968_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renon1968-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (kurz <b>NRTL</b>-Gleichung, dt. <i>nicht-zufällig, zwei Flüssigkeiten</i>) ist ein <a href="Thermodynamisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermodynamisch">thermodynamisches</a> Modell, das die <a href="Aktivit%C3%A4tskoeffizient" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktivitätskoeffizient">Aktivitätskoeffizienten</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \gamma }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \gamma }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a223c880b0ce3da8f64ee33c4f0010beee400b1a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.262ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \gamma }" loading="lazy"></span> eines chemischen <a href="Stoffgemisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoffgemisch">Stoffgemischs</a> mit seiner Zusammensetzung, ausgedrückt durch <a href="Molenbruch" class="mw-redirect" title="Molenbruch">Molenbrüche</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>, korreliert.
</p><p>Der Ausdruck „Non Random“, „nicht zufällig“ bezieht sich auf die Struktur der Flüssigkeit und die Anordnung der Moleküle. Während das Porter-, van Laar- und Margules-Modell die strukturierte Anordnung der Moleküle nicht berücksichtigen, wird dies beim Wilson-, <a href="UNIQUAC" title="UNIQUAC">UNIQUAC</a>- und NRTL-Modell eingeführt.
</p><p>Das NRTL-Modell gilt als das beste <a href="Dampf-Fl%C3%BCssigkeit-Gleichgewicht" title="Dampf-Flüssigkeit-Gleichgewicht">VLE</a>-Modell. Die Mindestzahl der binären Parameter sind 2. Inzwischen ist das Modell auf bis zu 9 Parameter ausgebaut. Mit dem NRTL-Modell lassen sich auch LLE, d. h. Flüssig-Flüssig- und SLE, d. h. Fest-Flüssig Gleichgewichte sehr gut simulieren.
</p><p>NRTL-Modelle gehören zur Klasse der <a href="GE-Modelle" title="GE-Modelle">g<sup>E</sup>-Modelle</a>, da sie auch die freie Exzessenthalpie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G^{E}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>E</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G^{E}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec2695b7eb6ef8ee095f6181eacaa38da5f5a2b1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.315ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G^{E}}" loading="lazy"></span> (<a href="Exzessgr%C3%B6%C3%9Fe" title="Exzessgröße">Exzessgröße</a> der <a href="Freie_Enthalpie" class="mw-redirect" title="Freie Enthalpie">freien Enthalpie</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>G</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5f3c8921a3b352de45446a6789b104458c9f90b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.827ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G}" loading="lazy"></span>) verwenden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gleichungen">Gleichungen</h2></div>
<p>Für ein <a href="Gemisch" title="Gemisch">binäres Gemisch</a> gelten folgende Gleichungen<sup id="cite_ref-Reid1987_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reid1987-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ln \gamma _{1}=x_{2}^{2}\left[\tau _{21}\left({\frac {G_{21}}{x_{1}+x_{2}G_{21}}}\right)^{2}+{\frac {\tau _{12}G_{12}}{(x_{2}+x_{1}G_{12})^{2}}}\right]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ln</mi>
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<msub>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
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<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>21</mn>
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</msub>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>G</mi>
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<mn>21</mn>
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</msub>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
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<mn>1</mn>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msub>
<msub>
<mi>G</mi>
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<mn>21</mn>
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<mo>)</mo>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msup>
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<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>G</mi>
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<mn>12</mn>
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</msub>
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<mrow>
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<mn>2</mn>
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<mn>1</mn>
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<mn>12</mn>
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</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ln \gamma _{1}=x_{2}^{2}\left[\tau _{21}\left({\frac {G_{21}}{x_{1}+x_{2}G_{21}}}\right)^{2}+{\frac {\tau _{12}G_{12}}{(x_{2}+x_{1}G_{12})^{2}}}\right]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/adff4efb4e62ce7368d035729df8bdaa465e361e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:50.531ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ln \gamma _{1}=x_{2}^{2}\left[\tau _{21}\left({\frac {G_{21}}{x_{1}+x_{2}G_{21}}}\right)^{2}+{\frac {\tau _{12}G_{12}}{(x_{2}+x_{1}G_{12})^{2}}}\right]}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ln \gamma _{2}=x_{1}^{2}\left[\tau _{12}\left({\frac {G_{12}}{x_{2}+x_{1}G_{12}}}\right)^{2}+{\frac {\tau _{21}G_{21}}{(x_{1}+x_{2}G_{21})^{2}}}\right]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>G</mi>
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<msub>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
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<mi>G</mi>
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<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
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</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>21</mn>
</mrow>
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<msub>
<mi>G</mi>
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<mn>21</mn>
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<mrow>
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<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
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<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
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<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
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<mn>21</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
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</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ln \gamma _{2}=x_{1}^{2}\left[\tau _{12}\left({\frac {G_{12}}{x_{2}+x_{1}G_{12}}}\right)^{2}+{\frac {\tau _{21}G_{21}}{(x_{1}+x_{2}G_{21})^{2}}}\right]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/407e617b1526f728d3aab834f40f3472a259e66f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:50.531ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ln \gamma _{2}=x_{1}^{2}\left[\tau _{12}\left({\frac {G_{12}}{x_{2}+x_{1}G_{12}}}\right)^{2}+{\frac {\tau _{21}G_{21}}{(x_{1}+x_{2}G_{21})^{2}}}\right]}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ln G_{12}=-\alpha _{12}\tau _{12}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<msub>
<mi>G</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
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</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
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<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
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</mrow>
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<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ln G_{12}=-\alpha _{12}\tau _{12}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f233581b26eba05b74941c98c041b1c1db13c03f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.192ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ln G_{12}=-\alpha _{12}\tau _{12}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ln G_{21}=-\alpha _{21}\tau _{21}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<msub>
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<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>21</mn>
</mrow>
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<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ln G_{21}=-\alpha _{21}\tau _{21}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7d57339bd6aa2649d12b27245956bc284f4661b1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.192ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ln G_{21}=-\alpha _{21}\tau _{21}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau _{12}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau _{12}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/80839bd28576ba4115666c700461f8a845be66aa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.892ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau _{12}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau _{21}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>21</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau _{21}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/12a0a09efb0a351cced6c71cc611295908aa620e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.892ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau _{21}}" loading="lazy"></span> sowie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{12}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{12}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9428b8f14f6003a6ed98503c534253f2fbc188f3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.364ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{12}}" loading="lazy"></span> sind <a href="Parameter_(Mathematik)" title="Parameter (Mathematik)">Parameter</a>, die an die Aktivitätskoeffizienten <a href="Ausgleichungsrechnung" title="Ausgleichungsrechnung">angepasst</a> werden.
</p><p>Zumeist werden jedoch die Parameter <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/38a7dcde9730ef0853809fefc18d88771f95206c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.202ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau }" loading="lazy"></span> noch über die Beziehungen
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau _{12}={\frac {\Delta g_{12}}{RT}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau _{12}={\frac {\Delta g_{12}}{RT}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1be11cf606da2213fdf265cf434d8408cebb8d95.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:11.748ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau _{12}={\frac {\Delta g_{12}}{RT}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau _{21}={\frac {\Delta g_{21}}{RT}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>21</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>21</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau _{21}={\frac {\Delta g_{21}}{RT}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9d33676da4419ecefdc6d548721f34ebbee096ad.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:11.748ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau _{21}={\frac {\Delta g_{21}}{RT}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit der <a href="Gaskonstante" title="Gaskonstante">Gaskonstante</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>R</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}" loading="lazy"></span> und der Temperatur <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span> skaliert und dann die Parameter <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta g_{12}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta g_{12}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5185f0e924ba52f5e226cd7a7a7e8446d5c2256f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.921ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta g_{12}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta g_{21}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>21</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta g_{21}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/307981fb19d464864154d7b2927239fe2fb6328b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.921ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta g_{21}}" loading="lazy"></span> angepasst.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temperaturabhängige_Parameter"><span id="Temperaturabh.C3.A4ngige_Parameter"></span>Temperaturabhängige Parameter</h2></div>
<p>Sind Aktivitätskoeffizienten über einen größeren Temperaturbereich vorhanden (etwa aus <a href="Dampf-Fl%C3%BCssigkeit-Gleichgewicht" title="Dampf-Flüssigkeit-Gleichgewicht">Dampf-Flüssig-</a> und zugleich aus Fest-Flüssig-Gleichgewichten), so können temperaturabhängige Parameter eingeführt werden.
</p><p>Zwei Ansätze sind gebräuchlich:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\tau _{ij}&=f(T)=a_{ij}+{\frac {b_{ij}}{T}}+c_{ij}\ln T+d_{ij}T\\\Delta g_{ij}&=f(T)=a_{ij}+b_{ij}\cdot T+c_{ij}T^{2}\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>T</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>d</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>T</mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\tau _{ij}&=f(T)=a_{ij}+{\frac {b_{ij}}{T}}+c_{ij}\ln T+d_{ij}T\\\Delta g_{ij}&=f(T)=a_{ij}+b_{ij}\cdot T+c_{ij}T^{2}\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a668537e7cbed7e94499ad07900c12fdda74a0b6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:41.89ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\tau _{ij}&=f(T)=a_{ij}+{\frac {b_{ij}}{T}}+c_{ij}\ln T+d_{ij}T\\\Delta g_{ij}&=f(T)=a_{ij}+b_{ij}\cdot T+c_{ij}T^{2}\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Einzelne <a href="Term" title="Term">Terme</a> können weggelassen werden. Bspw. wird der logarithmische Term zumeist nur benutzt, wenn Flüssig-Flüssig-Gleichgewichte (<a href="Mischungsl%C3%BCcke" title="Mischungslücke">Mischungslücken</a>) modelliert werden müssen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Herkunft_der_Aktivitätskoeffizienten"><span id="Herkunft_der_Aktivit.C3.A4tskoeffizienten"></span>Herkunft der Aktivitätskoeffizienten</h2></div>
<p>Die benötigten Aktivitätskoeffizienten werden zumeist aus <a href="Experimentell" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimentell">experimentell</a> bestimmten <a href="Phasengleichgewicht" class="mw-redirect" title="Phasengleichgewicht">Phasengleichgewichten</a> (Dampf-Flüssig, Flüssig-Flüssig, Fest-Flüssig) sowie aus <a href="Mischungsw%C3%A4rme" title="Mischungswärme">Mischungswärmen</a> abgeleitet. Quelle dieser experimentellen Daten sind <a href="Faktendatenbank" title="Faktendatenbank">Faktendatenbanken</a> wie etwa die <a href="Dortmunder_Datenbank" title="Dortmunder Datenbank">Dortmunder Datenbank</a>. Alternativ werden die Aktivitätskoeffizienten direkt experimentell bestimmt oder mit Vorhersagemodellen, etwa <a href="UNIFAC" title="UNIFAC">UNIFAC</a>, bestimmt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Margules-Gleichung" title="Margules-Gleichung">Margules-Gleichung</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Renon1968-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Renon1968_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Renon, J. M. Prausnitz: <cite style="font-style:italic">Local Compositions in Thermodynamic Excess Functions for Liquid Mixtures</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">AIChE Journal</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>14</span>, 1968, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>135–144</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140124">10.1002/aic.690140124</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Non-Random-Two-Liquid-Modell&rft.atitle=Local+Compositions+in+Thermodynamic+Excess+Functions+for+Liquid+Mixtures&rft.au=H.+Renon%2C+J.+M.+Prausnitz&rft.btitle=AIChE+Journal&rft.date=1968&rft.doi=10.1002%2Faic.690140124&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=135-144&rft.volume=14" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Reid1987-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Reid1987_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert C. Reid, John M. Prausnitz, Bruce E. Poling: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="The_Properties_of_Gases_%26_Liquids" title="The Properties of Gases & Liquids">The Properties of Gases & Liquids</a></cite>. 4. Auflage. McGraw-Hill, 1987, ISBN 978-0-07-051799-8.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Non-Random-Two-Liquid-Modell&rft.au=Robert+C.+Reid%2C+John+M.+Prausnitz%2C+Bruce+E.+Poling&rft.btitle=The+Properties+of+Gases+%26+Liquids&rft.date=1987&rft.edition=4&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780070517998&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
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